Happy belated Noruz! That’s the Iranian New Year, and its celebration predates Islam. The mullahs (ruling clerics in the Islamic Republic of Iran) hate that. But too many people celebrate for them to do much about it. Some claim that this is a sign of the impotence of the current regime. Others say it shows that the mullahs are easing up. From what I’ve learned of Iran in the last few years, that second group of folks is probably dead wrong.
Anyway, there’s a reason for the title of this post: I really don’t know what other people know about Iran. So I’m going to share a bunch of information, and you may know it already. But I hope maybe you can glean something new. And maybe we can figure out some helpful action to take together. For now I’ll stick with some historical/cultural information. We’ll do nukes and the current political situation later.
Let’s start with the basics: Iranians are not Arabs. Period. Okay, well maybe there’s technically a whopping 3% of Iranians that are Arab. Persians make up the majority of the people (just over half). That’s right, Persians. Cyrus the Great and Bible times and all that. That people group has survived the millennia to dominate modern day Iran in terms of number of people and in terms of culture. The largest minority group is the Azeris (same ethnic group as folks in Azerbaijan). They make up around a quarter of the population, although some estimates are much higher.
The official numbers say that 89% of Iranians are Shi’a Muslims. To put this in perspective, Iraq is the only other nation in the Middle East (maybe in the world) with a majority Shi’ite population. Most Muslims worldwide are Sunnis. The import of all this? Iran is culturally and religiously unique in the Middle East. (I should note at this time that when I was interviewing people in Washington, several of them, including at least one who still had family in Iran, indicated that the 89% figure might be high. One said he thought Zoroastrianism was on the rise. The general consensus was that many Iranians were only nominally Muslims. According to one study, as few as 12% of Iranians pray five times daily—one of the pillars of Islamic practice.)
The Islamic Revolution occurred in 1979, putting the current regime in place and ousting the Shah (monarch), who lived in exile until his death in 1980. This Shah was pro-western, friendly with the United States, and viewed as anti-Islamic by some Iranians. He instituted some reforms and the economy did well during his rule, but he was accused of favoring some classes of people over others and of violating the Iranian constitution. Ayatollah Khomeini led a populist movement from exile (in Iraq and later France) and became the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Many Iranians have become disillusioned with the government that was supposed to respect Islam and all people, but has instead been an oppressive regime that has driven many into poverty. Unemployment is currently at 11%. An astonishing 40% live below the poverty line. Clearly, the IRI has some problems. In addition, the median age is only 24, meaning that most Iranians weren’t born when the Islamic Revolution took place. They never lived under the Shah, and can’t relate to the ideology that said life would be better under the Islamic Republic. I mean, if you lived in these conditions, would YOU believe it? Something to mull over.
I think this should at least partially set the stage/give some context to what’s going on now. But it’s worth noting here (as I will reiterate multiple times) that use of the military in Iran is not a viable option. But I’ll try to talk more about that next time.